Txawm hais tias Nylon muaj cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom siv mechanies, thiab tseem muaj cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov khoom, uas muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev phom sij. Cov kab sib zog ntsug ntawm cov nylon ntshiab tau ntsuas nrog V-0 qib ntawm UL-94, Loi tus nqi ntau dua 24%. Yog li ntawd, cov nplaim tshiab retardant technology ntawm nylon tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus kub uas tau ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau thoob ntiaj teb.
Fig.1
Daim duab thaum: Verbian Standicial official lub website
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, nrog kev tiv thaiv thoob ntiaj teb, kev loj hlob ntsuab thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntau dua thiab muaj kev lees paub thiab lees paub los ntawm txhua tus neeg. Kev tiv thaiv kab ntxwv ib puag ncig ntsuab Retardant H muaj kev tiv thaiv, tsis muaj pa taws thiab muaj tshuaj ntsuam tsis tshua muaj pa taws thiab ib puag ncig cov nplaim hluav taws xob tshiab retardant kev lag luam hauv Suav. Daim duab 2 yog daim duab schematic ntawm cov txheej txheem polymer sib tshooj.
Daim duab. 2 daim duab schematic ntawm Polymer combustion txheej txheem
Daim duab. 3 Polypetrochemical Halogen-Dawb nplaim retardant pa66, PA6 cov txuas, fasteners
Daim duab. 4 nplaim taws retardant nylon rau sanyang hluav taws xob tsheb
Ⅰ.Cov Hom Hluav Taws Xob Retardants
Nplaim taws retardant additives yog nplaim taws retardants uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib txuas thiab cov nplaim taws ua ke ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob.
Mus txog rau cov xwm txheej ua lag luam tam sim no hauv Suav teb, cov khoom ntawm ntxiv cov nplaim roj ntxiv yog cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb uas yog cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv lag luam hauv Suav teb. Txawm hais tias thev naus laus zis ntawm cov ntaub muag me me Yog li ntawd, cov naj npawb tshiab ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws retardants tsim thiab tsim tau ntau dua.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yooj yim rau kev ua lossis siv cov yam ntxwv muaj zog thiab kev ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam loj xws li qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb muaj qhov tsis xws luag thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb tsis muaj zog heev rau tus nqi zoo tagnrho.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm reactive nplaim retardants yog tias lawv tuaj yeem tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li qub, kuj muaj zog ruaj khov thiab zoo li qub retardant effect nyob rau hauv cov saum toj no-hais cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Ntxiv mus, qhov toxicity degree ntawm cov ntaub ntawv reox uas tsis tshua muaj zog, thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab tsis yooj yim ua haujlwm.
Raws li cov ntsiab lus sib txawv hauv cov nplaim hluavtaws tseem ceeb tuaj yeem sib cais ua ke, organophosces series, cov tshuaj organophoras series, magnesium series thiab hlau txhuas series. Raws li kev faib tawm thiab cov qauv ntawm seb cov khoom tsis muaj teeb meem rau cov organic, cov khoom siv dav dav tuaj yeem muab faib ua feem ntau cov organic retardant thiab dog dig inorganic nplaim retardant.
Fig.5
Daim duab qhia: Lub Vev Xaib ntawm huab tais
Hauv ob xyoos dhau los, kev nrhiav kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau ntxiv, kev ua haujlwm tsis huv, kev ua qias tuaj yeem siv cov nplaim hluav taws xob thiab cov pa hluav taws xob tsis huv
Ⅱ.Qhov kev thov ntawm nplaim taws retardant hauv polyamide
1.Inorganic nplaim retardant
Inorganic nplaim retardant tsuas yog hais txog raws li ib nrab tiv thaiv cov kev tiv thaiv ib nrab, kev siv cov khoom yuav dav. Tam sim no, mg (Oh) 2, al (Oh) 3 thiab lwm yam hydroxid tseem yog qhov tshiab ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob cov nplaim hluav taws xob uas yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv Suav.
Noj mg (huag) 2 raws li ib qho piv txwv, nws muaj cov haujlwm ua tiav, nplaim hluav taws xob rov qab thiab pa hluav taws xob. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab nplaim retardant oxidation kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig hauv nruab nrab tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv hloov pauv hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom txias.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim muaj cov dej ntws tsawg ntawm cov dej ntws tsawg, nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau qee yam kev sib txuas lus sib txuas thiab kev txuas ntxiv ntawm qee cov khoom lag luam hauv kev kub siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub siab-kub refractory organic oxides decomposed los ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob cov pa roj oxygen, uas nws tus kheej yuav tau dhau los ua cov pa roj av thiab ua kom muaj zog dua cov pa roj oxygen
Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom kub kub tuaj yeem nrawm dua los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cua sov thiab kev sib txuas, yog li thaum pib ua si ntawm kev ua cua sov, nplaim taws retardant thiab adiabatic.
Fig.6 Inorganic nplaim retardant
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob inorganic retardant ntxiv rau cov khoom siv polymer polymer thov siv ntau dav thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
Cov hom muaj ntau yam ntawm ob peb qho tshiab inorganic nplaim retardant cov ntaub ntawv yog ntxig phosphoric acid, boric phosphate posphate p-ammonium chloride, sodium borax thiab lwm yam. Jin Xuefen li al. Npaj tias ob yam khoom lag luam xws li nylon thiab nylon 66 tau ntxiv nrog hypophosphathate los txhim kho cov nplaim taws retardant. Txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau peb feem ntawm Ferric oxide (Fe2o3) thiab cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv.
Los ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm lub khob hliav cov ntaub ntawv poob phaus thiab kav cov nplaim taws thiab kav ntev thiab ua kom zoo nkauj tshaj tawm thiab ua kom zoo dua qub thiab ua kom zoo nkauj thiab ua kom zoo nkauj thiab kev hloov pauv thiab kev tawm tsam. Qhov ua tau zoo thiab kav sib tshooj ua ke los ntawm cov khoom siv roj hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob ua ke los yog cov phom sij hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv los ntawm cov roj teeb hluav taws xob sai sai lossis cov teeb meem roj ua kom muaj zog los yog ua kom muaj kev phom sij.
Fig.7 Nylon nplaim retardant
Daim duab thaum koj muaj lub vev xaib ntawm yinyuan tshiab
Nrog exolit Op 1312 ML nplaim Retardant GrpaMin cov ntsiab lus Retardant yog 18%, qhib cov nplaim hluav taws xob yog 18%, Tab sis ntau dua li nrog BPS thiab RP nplaim retardant.Qhov lub zog yog txo los ntawm kwv yees li 20% piv nrog tsis muaj zog retardant grpa6, thiab cov nplaim taws retardant cov khoom xim thiab pob tshab zoo dua. Piv nrog BPS thiab RP nplaim Retardant Grpa6, nplaim taws Retardant, cov nplaim hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob retardant grpa66 nrog exolit op 1312 m1 muaj qhov zoo.
Nrog rau maj mam nce ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntxiv, cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntxiv, cov nplaim hluav taws xob tau nce siab, thiab lub suab nrov luv yuav raug luv dua. Thaum tag nrho cov lus qhia ntawm halogen-dawb cov nplaim hluav taws xob muaj zog ntawm ul94v-0, thiab nruab nrab ntawm ul94V-0, thiab cov nplaim hluav taws xob tau txhawb cov khoom siv ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab yog xav txog 7.5KJ / M²
Levchik li al. Cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tau nthuav tawm tias Posphorus liab thiab ntau yam ntawm lwm cov nplaim taws retardant additive hauv nyoing retardant cov khoom thiab nplaim retardant cov khoom.
LvChicksv ntxiv 3 ntu ntawm liab phosphorus thiab 1 ntu ntawm mg (huag) 2 thiab lwm yam nplaim taws retardant ntxiv rau hauv nylon, feem. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob qho khoom xyaw suav rau 20% ~ 50% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov khoom cob cov khaub noom. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom qhia txog kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom lag luam CTI tau zoo dua, thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov qauv hauv Suav teb ul94V-0 Qib thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm 400v tam sim no ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.
2. Organic nplaim taws retardant
2.1 phosphorous nplaim retardants
Hauv phosphate Eser nplaim retardant cov ntaub ntawv, nws feem ntau muab faib ua cov khoom lag luam hauv av uas muaj nws ib leeg lossis muaj ib qho me me ntawm inorganic halogen sib txuas.
Fig.8 phosphorous nplaim retardants
Daim duab rau: Tianyi Tshuaj Website
Tsis yog-halogen phosphate cov khoom lag luam tsis tas yuav muaj ib qho kev txhim kho harogen nyob ib leeg, thiab thev naus laus zis ua liaj ua teb thiab thev naus laus zis nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thev naus laus zis hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.
Triphenylyl polyphosphate, isotriazole tulfonate phosphate, ua tsis tau zoo phosphate thiab lwm yam khoom siv tsis muaj ntau dua kaum ob ntawm lawv cov khoom siv raw ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias lawv muaj ntau cov khoom sib xyaw, halogen-free polyphosphate khoom, xws li kub thiab kub kub ua tau zoo thiab tsis zoo molecular compatibility ua tau. Yog li ntawd, nws cov kev tsim tawm dav dav thiab kev thov hauv cov khoom siv roj polymer phosphate hluav taws xob ntsev rau cov khoom lag luam tsawg.
Triisopropyl phosphate, uas tau ua tiav tau tsim los ntawm lub teeb tiv taus ntawm ultra-odាស environment,, tsis muaj kuab lom, tsis tshua muaj cua sov thiab kev nyuaj siab tawg. Qhov npaj thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm triisoprzene phosphate yog qhov yooj yim, nws yog cov khoom siv khoom siv cov khoom siv thiab lwm cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam nplaim retardant.
Yang Minfen li al. Qhia tias qhov kawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus nce nrog kev nce ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob. Thaum qhov kev sib ntxiv ntawm BIS (2-carboxyethyl) monohexamethylas phosphate yog 6% (pawg feem yuav ncav cuag 27.8% UL-94 qib. Kev ntsuam xyuas tau qhia tias thaum txuas ntxiv ntawm BIS (2-carbookine ntsev), minonten poob zoo tshaj 2% (Multion
Wang Zhangyu li al. ntxiv lawv tus kheej rau 66 polymerization ntawm nylon monomer thiab tuaj yeem ua ntej synthesize lossis tshuaj ntsuam tawm ntau tshaj melamine polyphosphate monomerphate monomer (mpp) rau polymerization. Cov kev sim ntsuas tau txhua yam uas thaum tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm Monomer tuaj yeem ua rau muaj 120mPa, tab sis qhov siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem yog 120MPA, qhov kev cuam tshuam nruj zog tuaj yeem yog 6.7KJ.
Phosphorus hom nplaim retardants muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau cov organic kev tiv thaiv, thiab lawv tsis tshua muaj pa hluav taws xob, uas yuav maj mam ua ib qho kev coj ua tshiab ntawm tib neeg kev tshawb fawb.
2.2 nitrogen hom nplaim retardant
Ntawm tam sim no, nitrogen nplaim retardants tuaj yeem siv dav thiab siv rau kev siv cov ntawv thov engineering hauv Suav teb. Ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nitrogen nplaim retardants, cov resins thiab lawv cov derivatives yog cov tseem ceeb. Ib qho ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws yog tias lawv cov nplaim hluav taws xob, decompositess thiab comromposiomic coefficiency yog qhov siab, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab pheej yig.
Fig.9
Daim duab thaum muaj: Koon Nras Retardant Cov Ntaub Ntawv Lub Vev Xaib
Cov tshuaj oxidation tseem ceeb ntawm cov nitrogen hom muaj ob qho rau cov pa hluav taws kub uas muaj cov pa hluav taws kub uas muaj cov pa roj kub concentration thaum nqus cua sov kom txias. Cov nplaim hluavtaws ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob yog hom nplaim tshiab uas muaj cov tshuaj lom tsawg, tsis zoo volatility thiab siab ruaj khov.
Cov kab ntsig loj ntawm nitrogen nplaim retardants yog triazine cycloketone tebchaw, melamine derivatives, thiab lwm yam Gijsma li al. Tseem tau kawm tias MCA ntxiv rau CALLAMIDE muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm polyamide. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau pom tias: Cov roj tsim nyog ntawm nylon tsis tuaj yeem daws tau cov kab ke Nylon tau ua haujlwm, tab sis tseem yog qib kev sib txuas ua haujlwm, tab sis tseem yog qib kev ua haujlwm tau tuaj yeem ncav cuag ul94V-0, Loi tus nqi tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua 31.0%.
Wang qi li al. Ntxiv hom tshiab ntawm cov siab dispersion mca polymer (FS-MCA) npaj los ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntawm cov kab mob me me, hnav khaub ncaws zoo nkauj, ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab ruaj khov. Qhov ua tau zoo thiab sib txawv ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm MCA nplaim taws Retardant pa66 system.
Dianluo ntse npaj kho MCA nrog lub zog nto qis thiab ntws lub zog los ntawm kev kho deg ntawm cov miscecular phaus tsawg nylon.
Fig.10 MCA nplaim taws-retardant nylon masterbatch
Daim duab thaum: Polypetrochemical
Piv nrog tsoos MCA, hloov MCA muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab yooj yim dua kom ntws thiab tawg hauv pa66 resin. Cov nplaim taws hloov pauv MCA cov retardant ntxiv rau pa66 matrix muaj cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntau dua, cov nplaim hluav taws xob zoo dua thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev txhim kho MCA tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov tsis zoo ntawm MCA tsoos. Nws muab cov thev naus laus zis, los ntawm kev siv qhov hloov kho MCA hloov kho no tau npaj tau zoo heev ntawm nplaim Retharant Pa66.
2.3 phosphorus-nitrogen expansion nplaim retardant
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov nplaim taws nthuav dav tsuas yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, yog li cov khoom siv sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas ntxiv. Lub ntsiab Cheebtsam tseem ua tiav los ntawm cov pa roj carbon, acid los thiab cua qhov chaw.
Fig.11 Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Retardant
Daim duab rau: Hongtaiji lub vev xaib
Cov Khoom Siv Carbon, raws li lub npe cuam tshuam, hlawv feem ntau ntawm cov pa carbon muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv cov qauv molecular. Carbon-muaj cov khoom siv feem ntau yog cov khoom sib txuas. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj tshuaj lom neeg ntawm carbon nws tus kheej, tom qab kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv cov roj carbon monition, nws feem ntau tau ploj mus rau cov pa roj carbon monoxide
Raws li lub npe qhia, cov acid muab kev hais txog feem ntau ntawm peb cov txheej txheem polyphosphate. Qee cov nplaim hluav taws kub roj retardants muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob polyphosphate muaj zog los ua cov nplaim hluav taws xob rau cov nplaim hluav taws xob kom tsis txhob kub hnyiab.
Raws li lub npe implies, cov khoom siv cua yog hais txog cov pab pawg roj pob txha hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yog li kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tawm ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob rau ntawm cov roj hmab retardant thiab rwb thaiv tsev kub.
Zhang xujie li al. Tsim ib hom kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, ntsuab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig phosphorus thiab nitrogen series nplaim retardant tuaj yeem siv rau cov nplaim taws lig retardant ntawm nplaim retardant nylon. Lub combusionion kub ntawm cov nplaim taws lig retardant nylon khoom tsim los ntawm kev npaj cov teeb meem uas muaj tau melting dej hauv cov txheej txheem nylustion ntawm cov khoom nylon. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj lub neej ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob hydrocarbons nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv qeeb repame Yog li ntawd, tseem muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv kev tsim qauv ntawm nplaim taws retardant ntawm nitrogen compounds nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, uas yuav tsum tau txhim kho ntxiv.
Thawj cov cua sov thiab decompose cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub ntawm phosphorus - nitrogen nthuav dav nplaim retardant feem ntau yog li 200 ℃. Lub cev yuag tau txog 5% ntawm li 240 ℃, thiab tus nqi ntau ntawm pyrolysis ntau yam ntawm txog 378 ℃ kuj yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov kawg yog thaum lub sij hawm txiav tawm kub tau txog li 600 ℃, lub thermal decomposition ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua tiav yuav ncav cuag txog 36.5%.
Li Xia li al. Thawj cov lus cua thiab ntsuas ob pawg ntawm cov tsiaj thauj khoom hauv cov qauv ntawm nitrogen-phosphorus hom nplaim retardant. Tom qab tib neeg tau siv nws, nws yuav ntxiv cov kev xav nrog cyclophosphine thiab decompose rau hauv cov nplaim taws retardant ntsev, thiab thaum kawg synthesized ib qho nylon 66 nplaim retardant compound.
Qhov kev sim sim kuj qhia tau tias nws loi tau ntau dua 27.14%, thiab qhov kev xeem tau los ntawm kev xeem sib tshooj yog ul94v-0. Thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntsug sib zog kuj tseem yuav pom nyob rau ntawm cov khoom maj mam tsim cov khoom muag muag thiab ua kom nruj ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm carbonized, daws kom daws cov txheej txheem kev sib tw ntsug ntawm kev tsis txaus siab. Cov pa roj carbon txheej tsim los ntawm phosphorus - nitrogen nthuav dav nplaim retardant yog qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Ⅲ.Xaus thiab zeem muag
Cov tsos ntawm halogen-dawb nplaim retardant ua nplaim-retardant cov khoom lag luam yuav tsis tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua rau tib neeg cov kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev thiab ib puag ncig ntxiv. Cov duab ntawm halogen-dawb nplaim retardant cov khoom ntawm polyamide tau maj mam dhau los ua cov khoom nrov ntawm kev ua lag luam. Halogen-dawb nplaim retardants liab phosphorus liab thiab cyanuric acid yog ob hom polyamide khoom nrog cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab kev txhim kho zoo.
Fig.13 nplaim taws-retardant polyamide khoom
Daim duab thaum: Defu Yas Net
Liab Phosphorus muaj cov nplaim taws teeb tsa thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom siv xim tsis muaj zog thiab cov khoom lag luam hauv cov khoom lag luam nylon ib txwm siv rau hauv nylon 6.
Fig.14
Lwm qhov tshiab halogen-dawb nplaim retardant mas siv hauv polyamide yog melamine tso zis. Cov nquag nquag feem yuav yog melamine ntsev derivatives thiab phosphate derivatives. Txawm hais tias lawv muaj cov nplaim taws zoo retardant cov khoom, lawv muaj kev txom nyem thermal stability. Vim tias nws yooj yim nqus pa thiab noo noo nqus tau, hluav taws xob corrosion kev ua tau ntawm cov khoom lag luam kub thiab huab cua ib puag ncig ib puag ncig.
Fig.15 Melamine Cyanuric Acid
Daim duab rau: Xiucheng tshuaj lom neeg lub vev xaib
Txawm hais tias muaj ob peb lwm hom halogen-dawb inorganic nplaim taws kev ua tau zoo, xws li txo qis kev sib tw, qhov ntau ntxiv thiab txo kev ua tau zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov nplaim taws retardant nyhuv ntawm ib qho inorganic nplaim retardant additives feem ntau tsis zoo tagnrho.
Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau nyiam siv cov qauv sib txuas ntawm 2 lossis ntau dua 2 hom nplaim taws los tsim cov nplaim hluavtaws sib xyaw, yog li kom tau txais qib siab dua ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob. Tam sim no, kev ua tau zoo ntawm nitrogen-phosphorus compone retardant yog siab dua, kev lag luam ntau lawm, thiab cov khoom yog ntsuab thiab dawb paug.
Yog li ntawd, nitrogen thiab phosphorus nplaim taws tau yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov nplaim hluav taws xob rov qab pom cov ntaub ntawv polymer hauv Suav teb. Tam sim no, coob tus ntawm cov nplaim hluav tshiab retardants tau tawm hauv khw.
Peb muab txhua yam halogen-dawb, phosphorous-dawb, posphorous thiab bromine nplaim retardants, uas tau siv dav siv los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas.
Kev nug tau txais kev nug txhua lub sijhawm:yihoo@yihoopolymer.com
Lub sijhawm Post: Feb-27-2023